Its relatively low conductivity (6.7 × 10 −4 S However, several crucial issues still need to be solved before the practical application of SiO x-based anode materials. As a derivative of Si, SiO x (0 < x < 2) has attracted more and more attentions because of its abundant reserves, low cost, easy synthesis, ideal gravimetric capacity and relatively small volume expansion compared with pure Si ( Pan et al., 2019). However, the drastic volume fluctuation (∼300%) and the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) during lithiation/de-lithiation process always result in indisposed cycling efficiencies and capacity retention, which hinders the widespread application of Si-based electrodes ( Bruce et al., 2008 An et al., 2019 Weng et al., 2020 Xiang et al., 2020). g −1, Si is expected as an ideal candidate anode material for the next-generation LIBs with high energy density.g −1, graphite cannot meet the increasing actual requirements of the high-quality and fast-paced life for energy density, safety and service life in energy storage and supply devices ( Yu et al., 2020a Yu et al., 2020b Zhou et al., 2020 Li et al., 2021), it is urgent to develop new anode materials with higher specific capacity ( Etacheri et al., 2011 Zhou et al., 2019 Qu et al., 2020).However, due to its low theoretical capacity of 372 mAh Graphite, which is relatively cheap, reliable and easy to manufacture into large electrodes by slurry coating process, has been extensively used as an active anode material for commercial LIBs. With unique advantages of high operating voltage, large energy density and long lifespan, LIBs have been widely used in various portable electronics, and placed great expectations on the application in electric vehicles ( Li et al., 2020b Liu et al., 2021). Here, latest developments of SiO x-based anodes are briefly reviewed, especially on the subject of metal/metal oxide doping on SiO x-based electrode materials, and the future application of SiO x anodes in rechargeable LIBs is also prospected. To tackle these issues, extensive efforts have been made and remarkable progresses have achieved in recent years. However, there are still several drawbacks before the application of SiO x, such as low intrinsic electronic conductivity and high irreversible capacity in the first cycle, which lead to low electrochemical activity and low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). To meet the ever-increasing high-energy-density demand of the next-generation LIBs, silicon suboxide SiO x(0 < x < 2) has been considered as one of the most promising anode materials, due to its high mass specific capacity, good cycling performance, proper working potential, low cost, and environmental friendliness. ![]() ![]() With unique advantages, such as high energy density, long lifespan and environmental friendliness, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in various portable electronics, and placed great expectations on the application in electric vehicles. 2College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China.1Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.Xiaozhong Zhou 1,2*, Zhaoyi Qi 1, Qiang Liu 1, Jibin Tian 1, Mingxia Liu 1, Kaifa Dong 1 and Ziqiang Lei 1
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